Analysis of lead and zinc selective extraction process from EAF dust during carbothermic reduction

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Abstract

The selective carbothermic reduction process of lead and zinc oxides from electric arc furnace (EAF) dust in the laboratory horizontal tubular electric furnace in an argon medium with excessive consumption of reducing agent (20 wt.%) during step heating with an exposure for 1 hour at each stage is analyzed. It is established that successive heating and exposure of EAF dust and a reducing agent mixture at temperatures of 1100 and 1200 °C led to the removal of 96.8 and 99.9 rel.% of lead and zinc respectively from the dust. At the same time, iron content in the residue increased to 61.7 wt.%. It is calculated that the introduction of 15.5 wt.% carbon as a reducing agent is sufficient for the reduction of oxides in the considered EAF dust sample. It is experimentally confirmed that when condensate is deposited directly on gas outlet tube in the furnace in an inert medium, the product obtained is mainly in metallic form, while cooling the condensate in traps outside the furnace leads to the formation of lead and zinc oxides, which indicates the oxidation of the material during condensation with air access. The data of X-ray spectral microanalysis of condensate obtained in the furnace in an inert medium indicated the possibility of evaporation from EAF dust no more than 25 rel.% of lead oxide in the gas phase without prior reduction, as well as the fact that lead selective extraction from EAF dust with minimal associated zinc extraction should be carried out at temperatures below 1100 °C.

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N. V. Podusovskaya

Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: npodusovskaya@imet.ac.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

O. A. Komolova

Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS

Email: npodusovskaya@imet.ac.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

K. V. Grigorovich

Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS

Email: npodusovskaya@imet.ac.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

K. Yu. Demin

Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS

Email: npodusovskaya@imet.ac.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

K. G. Anisonyan

Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS

Email: npodusovskaya@imet.ac.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the laboratory horizontal tubular electric furnace: 1 – furnace body; 2 – refractory lining; 3 – quartz reactor; 4 – connector for supplying inert gas to the reactor; 5 – quartz boat with sample; 6 – programmable temperature controller; 7 – gas outlet tube (*the shaded area shows the metal foil formation zone); 8 – Bunsen flask; 9 – copper plate; 10 – Drexel bottle with 35 wt.% nitric acid solution; 11 – Drexel bottle; 12 – exhaust probe; 13 – thermocouple in a protective case

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3. Fig. 2. The appearance of the formed metal foil (a) and the condensate in the trap (b)

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4. Fig. 3. XRD patterns of the initial EAF dust sample (a) and the post-stepwise-heating residue (b)

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5. Fig. 4. Secondary electron micrographs showing the foil surface formed on the furnace tube at various magnifications: a–d – region 1; e–h – region 2; the locations selected for chemical composition analysis are indicated in panels d and h

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6. Fig. 5. Maps of the characteristic X-ray emission intensity distribution of the elements contained in the foil (region 1)

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7. Fig. 6. Maps of the characteristic X-ray emission intensity distribution of the elements contained in the foil (region 2) at different magnifications

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8. Fig. 7. Secondary electron micrographs (at different magnifications) a–c of the surface of the condensate 1 trapped in the flask at the furnace outlet, and a back-reflected electrons micrograph d of the analyzed area indicating the points at which the elemental composition is determined (see table 7)

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9. Fig. 8. Maps of the characteristic X-ray emission intensity distribution of the elements contained in the condensate 1 trapped at the furnace outlet

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10. Fig. 9. Secondary electron micrographs (at different magnifications) a–c of the surface of the condensate 2 trapped in the flask at the furnace outlet, and a back-reflected electrons micrograph d of the analyzed area indicating the points at which the elemental composition is determined (see table 8)

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11. Fig. 10. Maps of the characteristic X-ray emission intensity distribution of the elements contained in the condensate 2 trapped at the furnace outlet

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12. Fig. 11. Micrographs of the surface of the EAF dust residue after heating and exposure at temperatures of 1100 and 1200 °C, obtained in secondary (a, b, d) and back-reflected (c, e, f) electrons for region 1 (a–c) and region 2 (d–f). The analyzed regions and points where the elemental composition were determined: c – region 1; d–e – region 2

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13. Fig. 12. Maps of the characteristic X-ray emission intensity distribution of the elements contained in EAF dust after heating and exposure at temperatures of 1100 and 1200 °C: a – region 1; b – region 2

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