Motion onset responses elicited by sound stimuli with interaural level differences

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Abstract

We studied the evoked responses of the human brain elicited by the onset of sound motion (motion-onset response, MOR). Sound motion was created by means of linear changes in the interaural level differences (ILD). The structure of the ILD-related MOR was similar to that reported in the studies which used changes in the interaural time delay. The amplitude of the cN1 component increased with sound velocity, regardless of motion direction, and the cP2 deflection increased only in the case of motion from the center to the periphery. The amplitude of both cP1 and cN2 components did not depend on motion velocity. Centrifugal motion evoked a stronger MOR than centripetal motion, which corresponds to the hemifield model of lateralization (i.e. opponent channels model). Our findings suggest that motion direction (towards the center or towards the periphery) was reflected in the MOR potential in a wider time interval than velocity.

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About the authors

L. B. Shestopalova

Pavlov Institute of Physiology, RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: shestopalovalb@infran.ru
Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

Е. А. Petropavlovskaia

Pavlov Institute of Physiology, RAS

Email: shestolido@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg

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2. Fig.1. Temporal structure of a single stimulation epoch employed in the delayed motion paradigm. Top row: leftward and rightward sound motion from the head midline (from center). Bottom row: sound motion from left and right to center. Black and grey lines show fast and slow motion, respectively. The X axis is time. The Y axis is interaural level differences (ILDs). The direction of motion is set by synchronously increasing and decreasing the signal level in the left and right channel.

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3. Fig. 2. Motion-onset responses (MORs) for the left-side and right-side stimuli. MORs were averaged over 24 frontocentral electrodes and over the whole group of subjects (n = 18). Black and gray lines show fast and slow motion, respectively. Solid and dashed lines represent motion from center and to center.

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4. Fig. 3. Motion-onset responses (MORs) averaged over the whole group of subjects (n = 18) and over the left and right side of acoustic space. Other designations are the same as in Fig. 2.

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5. Fig. 4. Effects of motion velocity and direction on the magnitude of MOR components (n = 18). Black and grey bars show fast and slow motion, respectively. Statistically significant differences in velocity and direction are shown by solid arrowed lines and horizontal dashed lines, respectively. Asterisks indicate the significance level: *** _ p < 0.001, * _ p < 0.05. Vertical bars show the standard errors of means.

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6. Fig. 5. Topography of the MOR components (n = 18). To calculate the topograms, the mean response amplitude at each electrode was measured in the 50-ms wide window centered at the corresponding peak of the response averaged over 24 frontocentral electrodes. Peak latencies used in each condition are given above the topograms. The directions of sound motion are shown by arrowed lines. Dashed lines indicate the significant post-hocs (p < 0.05) revealed by rmANOVA (Velocity (slow, fast)*Direction (from center, to center)*Side (left, right)*Hemisphere (left, right)).

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