Metamaterial-inspired slow-wave structures for w-band traveling-wave tubes

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Abstract

Electromagnetic parameters of the ladder-type slow-wave structures (SWS) formed by a metal plate with periodically arranged slots of a certain shape placed in a waveguide are studied. Modifications of the ladder-type SWS associated with the complication of the slot shape or the waveguide shape are proposed in such a way that the frequency of the slot resonance is lower than the cutoff frequency of the waveguide, and the SWS exhibits the properties of a double-negative metamaterial. It is shown that the fundamental spatial harmonic is backward, while the +1st harmonic acquires normal dispersion and the beam-wave synchronism is possible in a sufficiently wide frequency band. SWS with dumbbell-shaped slots and SWS in a groove-loaded waveguide are designed for W-band traveling-wave tube (75…110 GHz) with a relative bandwidth of about 25% and operating voltages of 8…13 kV. In such structures, there is the possibility of interaction of a slow wave with two sheet electron beams propagating from above and below the plate.

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About the authors

A. A. Rostuntsova

Saratov Branch Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS; Saratov State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: rostuncova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 38 Zelenaya St., Saratov, 410019; 83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov, 410012

E. E. Kolesnichenko

Saratov Branch Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS; Saratov State University

Email: rostuncova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 38 Zelenaya St., Saratov, 410019; 83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov, 410012

N. M. Ryskin

Saratov Branch Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS; Saratov State University

Email: rostuncova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 38 Zelenaya St., Saratov, 410019; 83 Astrakhanskaya St., Saratov, 410012

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Supplementary files

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1. JATS XML
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2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the simplest ladder-type SA with rectangular slots: Hx × Hy - waveguide dimensions, t - plate thickness, p - period, L × l - slit dimensions.

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3. Fig. 2. Dispersion characteristic of the main mode of the W-band rectangular slit W-slit WBC (1), the light velocity line (2) and the beam line at 20 kV (3).

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4. Fig. 3. Example of deformation of a rectangular slot into an open ring as the slot length L increases. The total slot length is defined as L = w + 2s + 2q (w, s, q are the characteristic dimensions of the rectangular ring, l is the slot thickness).

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5. Fig. 4. Dispersion characteristics of the main mode of the WL with slits in the form of open rectangular rings at different slit length L: 1 - degenerate case when the slit is rectangular, Hx > L = 0. 9; curve 2 - Hx ≈ L = 1.0; 3 - Hx < L = 1.1; 4 - Hx < L = 1.4 ; 5 - Hx < L = 1.7; 6 - Hx < L = 2.0 (see Table 2 for details); 7 - light velocity line; 8, 9 and 10 - beam lines at voltages of 14, 10 and 7 kV, respectively.

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6. Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of a ladder zone with dumbbell-shaped slots: a × b - dimensions of the wide "ear", w × l - dimensions of the narrow gap.

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7. Fig. 6. Dispersion characteristic of the main mode of the W-band dumbbell-shaped slit W-slit wavelengths: points - numerical simulation results, curve 1 - theoretical dependence at fpl = 82 GHz, 2 - light velocity line, 3 and 4 - beam lines at accelerating voltages of 18 and 7.8 kV, respectively, f1 and f2 - lower and upper cutoff frequency, respectively.

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8. Fig. 7. Schematic of a ladder WL in a waveguide with grooves: g × h - groove dimensions.

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9. Fig. 8. Dependence of the critical frequency of the T-shaped waveguide fkr on the groove depth h at g = 1.1 mm (a) and on the groove width g at h = 1.4 mm (b).

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10. Fig. 9. Dispersion of the WL main mode in a grooved waveguide designed for the W-band (1), the light velocity line (2), and the beam lines at accelerating voltages of 35 (3) and 12.7 kV (4).

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