COVID-19 and the risk of herpesvirus reactivation


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Abstract

Objective. To study the features of the epidemic process of infections caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. The incidence of COVID-19 and recorded herpesvirus infections was retrospectively analyzed. Ninety-two blood donors and 95 COVID-19 patients without respiratory failure were examined for herpes virus infection markers. Results. There was an earlier and longer surge in the incidence of infectious mononucleosis in 2020 versus 2019; there were no significant differences between the groups of patients and donors in the detection rate of IgG to HSV-1 (88-91.6%), HSV-2 (20-20.7%), EBV(98.9-100%), CMV(82.1-83.7%), HHV-6 (48.4-51.1%); low-avidity IgG to HSV(6.5-8.4%); EBV(2.2-6.3%) and CMV(0-1.1%); IgM to HSV-1 (0%), HSV-2 (0-1.1%,), CMV (0-2.2%), and HHV- 6 (5.4-8.4%). EBV reactivation markers (VCA IgM and EA IgG in the presence of VCA IgG and EBNA IgG) were significantly more frequently detected in patients (70.5 and 56.8%) than in donors (0 and 2.2%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion. SARS- CoV-2 is a factor that triggers the mechanism of EBV transition from latency to lytic reproduction in the human body, whereas COVID-19 patients are at risk for reactivation of chronic EBV infection.

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About the authors

Tatiana V. Solomay

Interregional Department One, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia; I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Ministry of Education and Science of Russia

Email: solomay@rambler.ru
Cand. Med. Sci., Deputy Head, Interregional Department One; Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Epidemiological Analysis and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases

Tatiana A. Semenenko

Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: semenenko@gamaleya.org
MD, Head, Department of Epidemiology; Professor, Department of Infectology and Virology

Elena I. Isaeva

Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: immunol.lab@mail.ru
Cand. Biol. Sci., Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology, D.I. Ivanovsky Research Institute of Virology

Elizaveta N. Vetrova

Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology, D. I. Ivanovsky Research Institute of Virology

Alyona I. Chernyshova

Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology, D. I. Ivanovsky Research Institute of Virology

Elina V. Romenskaya

N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Defense of Russia

Email: elinaromenskaya@yandex.ru
Epidemiologist, Branch Eight

Nataliya V. Karazhas

Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: karazhas@inbox.ru
BD, Head, Laboratory of Epidemiology of Opportunistic Infections

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