Vol 9, No 1 (2018)

Increase in mortality from cardiovascular causes, systemic thromboembolism, congestive heart failure, increased frequency of hospitalization and deterioration in quality of life is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common cause of AF. To prevent recurrence of AF in patients with hypertension b-blockers (b-AB) can be used. Taking into account the possible effect of multidirectional b-AB on the functional condition of the body, in order to determine the effectiveness of therapy, it is advisable to apply a quantitative assessment of the regulatory-adaptive status (RAS). Goal - compare the effectiveness of bisoprololum and nebivololum in patients with paroxysmal AF and EH, given their impact on the RAS. Materials and methods. 50 patients with AF against the background of EH of stages II-III were randomized into two groups for treatment with bisoprololum (5.4±1.8 mg/day, n=25) or nebivololum (5.6±1.6 mg/day, n=25). As part of combination therapy, patients were administered lisinoprilum (14.2±3.8 and 14.3±3.7 mg/day), when required also atorvastatinum (19.1±3.7 and 18.8±4.4 mg/day), acetylsalicylic acid (90.0±4.6 and 91.2±4.1 mg/day), respectively. Initially and in 6 months, the following was done: quantitative assessment of the RAS (cardio-respiratory synchronism test), echocardiography, triplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries, treadmill test, six-minute walk test, daily monitoring of blood pressure and electrocardiogram, subjective assessment of the quality of life. Results. Both drug regimens comparably suppressed arrhythmia, controlled hypertension, improved the structural and functional condition of the heart. The use of nebivololum positively affected the RAS, to a greater extent increased exercise capacity and improved the quality of life. Conclusion. In patients with paroxysmal AF against the background of EH of stages II-III, the use of nebivololum as part of combination therapy may be preferable to bisoprololum due to its positive impact on the RAS.

The authors present data on the role of new biochemical marker copeptin as the C-end part of the pro-vasopressin, in assessing the risk of severe heart failure in short observation period (30 days) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without ST-segment elevation the first 3:00 from the manifestation of pain combined with the definition of the levels of troponin T. Materials and methods. Prospective single center study included 128 patients (including 52 persons with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis, 58 persons with unstable angina pectoris and 18 people with unconfirmed coronary event) with suspected ACS without ST-segment elevation with risk factors for coronary heart disease, selected according to criteria of inclusion/exclusion, received information on the study and gave their written consent to participate. Within the framework of the study, levels of troponin T and copeptin were determined for every patient at the admission, a diagnostic test of troponin T was repeated in 12-72 hours. During hospitalization, all patients were subjected to medical diagnostic examination, laboratory diagnosis, drug therapy, prescribed by standards of care, including medical history and analysis of the medical records, registration of ECG, echocardiography, quantitative determination of troponin T, assessment of left ventricular failure on a scale Killip and level of copeptin. Results. The level of copeptin during the early 3 hours since the manifestation of pain identified a direct correlation (r=0.76) between the values of the Copeptin upon receipt and the exacerbation of severity of congestive heart failure (HF) Killip classification established in patients with AMI in the period of hospital treatment and 30-day observation period. The level of copeptin during the early 3 hours since the manifestation of pain was 2.99 ng/ml (95% confidence interval - CI 1.89-4.09) for patients with HF class Killip 3 and 5.57 ng/ml (95% CI 5.08-6.06) for patients with HF class Killip 4 respectively. The level of copeptin ≥2.95 ng/ml significantly increase the risk of severe HF in 11 times - relative risk 11.4 (5.64-22.9, p<0.0001) compared with patients who have level of copeptin below the diagnostic slice - relative risk 0.15 (0.04-0.56), with negative prognostic value of 98% (95% CI 93.00-99.45), specificity 92.45% (95% CI 85.81-96.13, precision 91.67% (95% CI 84.99-95.53) and sensitivity 85.71% (95% CI 60.06-95.99). Conclusions. The level of copeptin ≥2.95 ng/ml, which is defined the first 3:00 from the manifestation of pain syndrome is an important prognostic marker for risk of severe congestive heart failure and an independent prognostic factor in outcome in patients with ACS without ST-segment elevation.

The review shows the problem of systemic inflammation as a key factor influencing the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Represented literature data on the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis, its impact on the accelerated development of atherosclerosis. A separate section is devoted to the problem of lipid paradox. Review shows data on the influence of the traditional basic anti-inflammatory drugs and genetically engineered biological agents on the risk of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Also, EULAR recommendations for assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis.

The article briefly describes the inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACEI) - fosinopril, calcium channel blocker - diltiazem and antiplatelet agent- acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The mechanism of their action and possible side effects are given. The authors of the article described in detail the antihypertensive drug from the group ACEI - fosinopril, antiplatelet agent - ASA and non-hydropyridine calcium channel blocker - diltiazem. The results of multicenter randomized trials of ASA, fosinopril in patients with arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, nephropathy and heart failure are presented. The article presents a clinical example that demonstrates the selection of the optimal drugs for the treatment of the combined pathology of the heart and kidneys, and also provides an evidence base for the efficacy and safety of fosinopril and ASA preparations. Presented drugs (ASA, fosinopril, diltiazem) are highly effective in all categories of patients with CVD and can be recommended for wider clinical use.